Llengües i legislació / Languages and legislation > Legislació principal / Main legislation

KURMANDJI/MUKRI/SORANI (KURD/KURDISH)
TURQUIA/TURKEY

Referència de la constitució a aspectes lingüístics
Reference of the Constitution to language issues

GR : General reference / Referència general
SR : Specific Reference / Referència específica
NR :
No reference / Sense referència
ND : Non discrimination / Sense discriminació

Normes bàsiques / Basic rules
Constitució de la República Turca del 1982, esmenada al 2001 (Art. 3: SR - llengua oficial / Art. 10: ND: altres llengües)
tur http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/TUR1-original.htm | http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/Anayasa2001.htm
cat http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/TUR1-ct.htm
Constitution of the Turkish Republic of 1982, amended in 2001 (Art. 3: SR - official language / Art. 10: ND: other languages)
eng http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/TUR1-gb.htm | http://www.unesco.org/most/lnturke.htm

Carta social europea, ratificada el 24 de novembre de 1989
European Social Charter, November 24th 1989
eng http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/035.htm
fra http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/FR/Treaties/Html/035.htm

Convenció Europea dels Drets Humans, ratificada el 18 de maig del 1954
European Convention of Human Rights, ratified on May 18th 1954
eng http://www.hri.org/docs/ECHR50.html
eng http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Treaties/Html/005.htm
fra http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/FR/Treaties/Html/005.htm

Convenció del dret dels infants, entra en vigor el 10 de juny del 2002
Convention Rights of Child, entry into force July 10th 2002
eng http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm

Tractat de Lausanne entre els poders de Grècia i Turquia de 1923
cat http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/44-11.htm
Treaty of Lausanne between the Powers, Greece and Turkey of 1923
eng http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/44-11-gb.htm

Normes de desenvolupament / Development regulation
Llei 2923 sobre educació i ensenyança de llengües estrangeres, del 14 d’octubre de 1983 ( Arts 2, 11 ) esmenada per la Llei 4771 el 3 d’agost del 2002
Law nr.2923 on Foreign Language Education and Teaching Law, of October 14th 1983 ( Arts 2,11 ) as amended by Act 4771 amending various laws (August 3rd 2002 ).
eng http://www.us-english.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=24&LID=148

Llei 3984 sobre la fundació dels mitjans de TV i Radio, del 13 d’abril del 1994, esmenada per la Llei 4771 del 3 d’agost del 2002.
The Law concerning the Founding and Broadcast of TV and Radio ( Nr.3984, April 13, 1994 ) as amended by Act nr. 4771 on the amendment of diverse laws ( August 3rd 2002 ).
eng http://www.us-english.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=24&LID=148

Ordenança municipal sobre l’aprenentage de les llengües i dialectes utilitzats tradicionalment en les vides diàries dels ciutadans turcs, 20 de setembre del 2002
cat http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/53-03.htm
Bylaw on the learning of languages and dialects used traditionally by Turkish citizens in their daily lives (Ministry of National Education, September 20th, 2002)
eng http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/53-04.htm

Regulació sobre el llenguatge de la Radio I la Televisió, Consell Suprem de Radio i Televisió, del 18 de desembre del 2002.
cat http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/53-05.htm
Regulation on the Language of Radio and Television Broadcasts ( Radio and Television Supreme Board, December 18th , 2002 )
eng http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/53-06.htm

Enllaços
ERAYDIN VIRTANEN, Ö. (2003): Recent Changes in Turkey’s Language Legislation / Canvis recents a la legislació lingüística de Turquia. Mercator-Linguistic Rights & Legislation, Working Papers collection, Nr. 11
eng http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/pdf/wp11-def-ang.pdf
cat http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/pdf/wp11-def-cat.pdf

COUNCIL DECISION of 8 March 2001 on the principles, priorities, intermediate objectives and conditions contained in the Accession Partnership with the Republic of Turkey
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/l_085/l_08520010324en00130023.pdf

ETHNOLOGUE-LANGUAGES OF TURKEY / LLENGÜES DE TURQUIA
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Turkey

Executive Summary of the Turkish National Programme for the adoption of the Aquis
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/turkey/pdf/npaa_full.pdf

Human Rights Watch, “Questions and Answers: Freedom of Expression and Language Rights in Tur2000 Regular Report from European Commission on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, 8 November 2000”
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/report2001/tu_en.pdf

Human Rights Watch, “Questions and Answers: Freedom of Expression and Language Rights in Turkey”
http://www.hrw.org/press/2002/08/turkeyqa041902.htm

Human Rights Watch Reports by Country, Turkey, 1999, “Restrictions on the Use of the Kurdish Language”
http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/turkey/turkey993-08.htm

Human Rights Watch Reports by Country, Turkey, 2000, “Ensuring Language Rights”
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/turkey2/Turk009-04.htm#P278_66096

L’AMÉNAGEMENT LINGUISTIQUE DANS LE MONDE – TURKEY / TURQUIA
CIRAL (UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL)
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/asie/turquie.htm

Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession, {COM(2002) 700 final}, SEC(2002) 1412, Brussels, 9.10.2002, p. 41-42
http://www.deltur.cec.eu.int/english/e-g-regular2002.html

Republic of Turkey-Prime Ministry-Secretariat General for European Union Affairs-Analytical Note on Constitutional Amendments (2001)
http://www.euturkey.org.tr/abportal/uploads/files/Analytical%20Note%20on%20Constitutional%20Amendments%20.doc

Special Expert Committee on the Turkish Language for the 8th Development Plan. Sekizinci Bes Yillik Kalkinma Plani, “Turk Dili OIK Raporu”
http://ekutup.dpt.gov.tr/turkdili/oik542.pdf in Turkish


Bibliografia i referències / Bibliography and references
KONGAR, E. (1986):“Turkey’s Cultural Transformation” in: RENDA, G. & KORTEPETER, C.M. The Kingston Press, Inc., Princeton, p. 27

KOPRULUZADE (1999) a/in: Lewis, G. The Turkish Language Reform; A Catastrophic Success, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999, p. 6

YAGMUR, K. (2001) “Languages in Turkey”, in/a: EXTRA, G. & GORTER, D. (eds.) (2001): The Other Languages of Europe, Multilingual Matters, Clevedon, p. 408

ZURCHER, E. J. (2001): Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World, a/in: Fundamentalism as an Exclusionary Device in Kemalist Turkish Nationalism, London I. B. Tauris, p. 210

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